Emissions

Fuel-Based Oil and Gas (FOG) Inventory

This inventory is developed using fuel information on drilling and oil & natural gas production from the U.S. Energy Information Admistration (EIA), and downscaled to a gridded 4 km x 4 km inventory using well-level production data from Enverus Drillinginfo. The emissions are mapped on the standard National Emissions Inventory (NEI) domain. The emissions are created for 2015 to coincide with the Shale Oil & Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) 2015 field study.

NOx emissions are estimated from fuel use using emission factors from the EPA Oil & Gas Tool and described by Gorchov-Negron et al. (2018).

CH4 emissions are inferred using tracer to tracer correlations from in-situ aircraft measurements during the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) Study 2013 and SONGNEX 2015 field studies.

Similarly, NMVOC emissions are inferred using tracer to tracer correlations from in-situ field campaigns in conjunction with basin oil/gas production ratio information from Enverus Drillinginfo.

The gridded emissions are provided as an ArcGIS Shapefile, and columns as follows:

For more information refer to:

  1. Francoeur, C.B., B.C. McDonald, J.B. Gilman, K.J. Zarzana, B. Dix, S.S. Brown, J.A. de Gouw, G.J. Frost, M. Li, S.A. McKeen, J. Peischl, I.B. Pollack, T.B. Ryerson, C. Thompson, C. Warneke, and M. Trainer, Quantifying methane and ozone precursor emissions from oil and gas production regions across the continental US, Environmental Science & Technology, doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c07352, 2021.
  2. Gorchov Negron, A.M., B.C. McDonald, S.A. McKeen, J. Peischl, R. Ahmadov, J.A. de Gouw, G.J. Frost, M.G. Hastings, I.B. Pollack, T.B. Ryerson, C. Thompson, C. Warneke, and M. Trainer, Development of a fuel-based oil and gas inventory of nitrogen oxides emissions, Environmental Science & Technology, doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b02245, 2018.

For more information or questions, contact Brian McDonald.

Fuel-Based Oil and Gas (FOG) Inventory for 2015, reproduced in netCDF format

FOG emissions for 2015 have been reproduced in netCDF format, separately for every month of 2015. In addition to reproducing the 2015 emissions, several bugs in processing of the data have been fixed, which result in slightly different estimates of emissions compared to the FOG 2015 shapefiles (linked above), originally published with Francoeur et al. (2021). In making monthly emission files, several assumptions are made. The first of these is that for a drilled well, the drilling fuel consumption occurs entirely within the month that well completed drilling. The next is that within a state, monthly drilling fuel consumption can be calculated by multiplying annual drilling fuel consumption with the fraction of total annual wells drilled in that month. Finally, lease gas fuel consumption and natural gas flaring for a given month in a given state can be calculated by multiplying those values with the fraction of annual natural gas production occuring in that month. These assumptions allow annual values to be estimated on a monthly basis so that monthly emission files can be produced to better capture the highly intermittent nature of some emissions such as drilling.

The emissions are mapped on the standard National Emissions Inventory (NEI) domain. Additional information is provided in the README file. For more information or questions, contact Brian McDonald.

For more information refer to:

  1. Francoeur, C.B., B.C. McDonald, J.B. Gilman, K.J. Zarzana, B. Dix, S.S. Brown, J.A. de Gouw, G.J. Frost, M. Li, S.A. McKeen, J. Peischl, I.B. Pollack, T.B. Ryerson, C. Thompson, C. Warneke, and M. Trainer, Quantifying methane and ozone precursor emissions from oil and gas production regions across the continental US, Environmental Science & Technology, doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c07352, 2021.

Fuel-Based Oil and Gas (FOG) Inventory Flaring Emissions 2020-2021

Flaring specific emissions from FOG have been produced for 2020 and 2021 and are used in Plant et al. (2024).

The emissions are mapped on the standard National Emissions Inventory (NEI) domain. Additional information is provided in the ReadMe file. For more information or questions, contact Brian McDonald.

For more information refer to:

  1. Plant, G., E.A. Kort, A.M. Gorchov Negron, Y. Chen, G. Fordice, C. Harkins, and M. Smith, In situ sampling of NOx emissions from United States natural gas flares reveals heavy-tail emission characteristic, Environmental Science & Technology, doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c08095, 2024.

Fuel-Based Oil and Gas (FOG) Inventory Production and Drilling Emissions 2019-2021

FOG emissions for 2019 through 2021 have been produced monthly for the purpose of evaluating changes to oil and gas emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

WARNING: These emissions use the same tracer-tracer ratios (methane to NOx and NMVOC to NOx) calculated in Francoeur et al. (2021) for 2015, to calculate methane and NMVOC emissions for 2019-2021. These tracer-tracer ratios are expected to change over time and due to this, the 2019-2021 emissions here should only be taken as representative of relative changes in emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic and not longterm trends. Additionally, for the purpose of evaluating the source of emissions changes seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, we assume that drilling and production activities both emit methane and NMVOCs with the same tracer-tracer ratios.

The emissions are mapped on the standard National Emissions Inventory (NEI) domain. Additional information is provided in the README file. For more information or questions, contact Brian McDonald.

For more information refer to:

  1. Francoeur, C.B., B.C. McDonald, J.B. Gilman, K.J. Zarzana, B. Dix, S.S. Brown, J.A. de Gouw, G.J. Frost, M. Li, S.A. McKeen, J. Peischl, I.B. Pollack, T.B. Ryerson, C. Thompson, C. Warneke, and M. Trainer, Quantifying methane and ozone precursor emissions from oil and gas production regions across the continental US, Environmental Science & Technology, doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c07352, 2021.