Greenhouse Gas And Air Pollutants Emissions System

The U.S. Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions System (GRA²PES)

Congmeng Lyu^1,2, Colin Harkins^1,2, Meng Li^1,2, Brian McDonald², Jack Prothero³, Kimberly Mueller⁴

1. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder
2. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory
3. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Statistical Engineering Division
4. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Greenhouse Gas Measurements Program

Abstract

To bridge the gap between the development of greenhouse gas (GHG) and air quality (AQ) emission inventories, we developed the GReenhouse gas And Air Pollutant Emissions System (GRA²PES), which provides self-consistent GHG and AQ emissions over the contiguous U.S. This inventory provides emissions at 4 km x 4 km spatial resolution with year, month, day-of-week, and diurnal temporal information. GRA²PES utilizes datasets from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and leverages a few well evaluated inventories for specific sectors, including the Fuel-based Oil and Gas (FOG) inventory, the Fuel-based Inventory of Vehicle Emissions (FIVE), and the Volatile Chemical Products (VCP) inventory. GRA²PES provides knowledge of the characteristics of AQ and GHG emissions and their relationships at finer mitigation spatiotemporal scales, which is fundamentally important for modeling AQ co-benefits of GHG emissions reductions. Also, as a self-consistent GHG and AQ emissions inventory, GRA²PES can be utilized in multi-species joint data assimilation (DA) of GHG and AQ emissions, enabling source appointment. We aim to provide GRA²PES as a dataset to inform integrated assessments of climate and air quality for researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers.

Point of Contact: Colin Harkins, NOAA / CIRES

Dataset

GRA²PES version 1.0 data may be downloaded in NetCDF format as tar.gz files below or via FTP.*

GRA²PES version 1.1 data may be downloaded in NetCDF format as tar.gz files below or via FTP.*

* Various browsers can buffer downloads and truncate larger files. Try another browser, or alternatively download GRA²PES data via FTP

Cite this dataset

Lyu, C., Harkins, C., Li, M., Mueller, K., Prothero, J., Verreyken, B., et al., Development of the United States GReenhouse gas and Air Pollutants Emissions System (GRA2PES), Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, doi:10.1029/2025JD043597, 2025.

Congmeng Lyu, Colin Harkins, Meng Li, Brian McDonald, Jack Prothero, Kimberly Mueller, The U.S. Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions System (GRA²PES), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), doi:10.18434/mds2-3520, 2024.

Beta Version

A Beta version of GRA2PES CO₂ was produced for January 2019 for use in developing and testing a CO2 inverse modeling framework for the Washington DC and Baltimore area. The GRA2PES beta version used for this can be found here: GRA2PES_beta_DCBA_201901.tar.gz